When you ejaculate, fluid from the seminal vesicles and prostate mix with sperm to form semen. The semen travels through the urethra and comes out the end of the penis. Infections in the scrotum may be caused by an infection somewhere else in the body.
In some cases, the main symptom you'll notice is pain in the scrotum. The pain starts at the back of one testis. But it can soon spread to the whole testis, scrotum, and sometimes the groin. The skin might also be swollen, tender, red, firm, and warm. The whole scrotum can also swell up with fluid " hydrocele ". Infection of the urethra " urethritis ". Infection of the prostate " prostatitis ".
Infection of the kidney " pyelonephritis ". Chronic epididymitis pain is felt only inside the scrotum. It's less severe than an acute condition. It can be intermittent, may require antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medication or may go away by itself. The skin isn't swollen, tender, red, firm, or warm. The symptoms for orchitis are uncommon and can be from a viral or bacterial infection. Pain can start in one testis, and can spread to the whole scrotum.
You may have fever. The whole scrotum can swell and feel painful. If the mumps virus are the cause, pain in the testis can appear up to 7 days after glands in the face swell. An "acute" case is most often caused by an infection from bacteria. The e-coli bacteria are a common cause for infection. A "chronic" case may result after acute epididymitis.
It doesn't seem to go away. It can also happen without acute symptoms or known infection. In this case, the cause is unknown. Orchitis alone is mostly from a mumps virus or other virus infection. In some cases of mumps, interferon can be given to prevent orchitis. This infection doesn't spread to the epididymis.
Acute epididymo-orchitis is most often from a bacterial infection. It can also be caused by a tuberculous infection of the epididymis, but this is rare.
Rarely, it can start in the testis and spread to the epididymis. Your health care provider will ask about your past health and examine you. In acute epididymitis the urine is often infected. In chronic epididymitis the urine typically is not infected.
If your provider thinks you have urethritis, they may test a swab of fluid from your urethra. Ultrasound is a non-invasive test. It uses sound waves bouncing off structures in your body to make a picture. Ultrasound can measure the blood flow in the epididymis, examine the inside of the testis and see other changes in that area of the body. Treatment often starts with a week course of antibiotics. Most cases can be treated out of the hospital with pills. The best medicine for you will depend on the type of bacteria found.
Symptoms of epididymitis can also be similar to those of testicular torsion , a condition that sees the testicle twist and cut off the blood supply and which requires emergency surgical treatment. As a result, if a person experiences any of these symptoms they should see a doctor straight away.
In children, the most common symptoms are:. It can often be hard to tell the difference between epididymitis and testicular torsion, particularly in younger men. Treatment will be provided based on what is causing the epididymitis. If it is a bacterial infection, the doctor will probably prescribe a course of antibiotics. If the infection was caused by an STI, the man must tell their sexual partners. They will also need to abstain from having sex until the treatment is completed.
As well as this, doctors will probably also recommend painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, to reduce pain and swelling.
In general, once treatment has started the pain associated with epididymitis will go within 1 to 3 days. However, some of the symptoms can take months to disappear.
In more severe cases, a person may have to stay in the hospital and may require some surgical procedures. Follow-up exams with the doctor will also be necessary to make sure the infection has cleared up. In most cases, epididymitis clears up with antibiotics and bed rest, and there are no long-term sexual or reproductive problems. In the case of chronic epididymitis, doctors will not prescribe antibiotics as inflammation occurs without an infection.
Imaging studies may be ordered to rule out other causes of testicular swelling and pain, such as cancer, gangrene, or hernia. Often, the doctor will want to culture the bacteria to identify it, which may take up to a day or two. Many times physicians will prescribe multiple antibiotics because patients are infected with more than one bacterium.
This may be a mixture of intravenous IV antibiotics, shots, and capsules or pills taken typically over a day span. If sexually transmitted disease is the culprit, common medications include ceftriaxone and doxycycline. If bacteria like E. Risk factors for epididymitis caused by STIs include sex with a partner who is infected and sex without a condom.
For epididymitis cases unrelated to STIs, risk factors can include an uncircumcised penis, a history of UTIs, an enlarged prostate, or prior use of a catheter in the urethra. Prevention in most cases mainly involves safer sex practices, such as a monogamous relationship and condom use every time you have sexual intercourse. If you need more information on epididymitis or believe you may have testicular infection, request an appointment at Mississippi Urology Clinic, PLLC today.
We have six different locations in order to provide convenience and quality of care. Book an appointment today and let one of our physicians examine your urological health. We are committed to providing you with the latest and most advanced healthcare. What Is Epididymitis Testicle Infection? What Causes Epididymitis? What Are the Symptoms of Epididymitis?
Other noticeable symptoms of testicular infection include: Pain or burning during urination Discharge from the urethra this symptom is connected to epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted diseases Fever and chills Nausea and vomiting Blood in the semen or the urine Symptoms of epididymo-orchitis or orchitis alone can be very similar.
How Is Epididymitis Diagnosed? In a bacterial infection, like one that would come from a UTI, antibiotics may be prescribed. Your doctor will first complete a physical examination.
Imaging tests may be done to rule out other conditions. These tests produce detailed images that allow your doctor to see structures in the body very clearly.
Your doctor might order a testicular ultrasound to get images of the testicles and the surrounding tissues in the scrotum. These methods are usually successful. It can sometimes take several weeks for the soreness or discomfort to go away completely. Most epididymitis cases clear up within 3 months. However, more invasive treatment may be needed in some cases. If an abscess has formed on the testicles, your doctor can drain the pus using a needle or with surgery.
Surgery is another option if no other treatments have been successful. This involves removing all or part of the epididymis. Surgery may also be necessary to correct any physical defects that may be causing epididymitis. Most cases of acute epididymitis are successfully treated using antibiotics. There are usually no long-term sexual or reproductive problems. But the infection can return in the future. This will help ensure that you make a complete recovery.
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