Given: four elements. Asked for: order by increasing electronegativity and classification. A Electronegativity increases from lower left to upper right in the periodic table Figure 2. Because Sr lies far to the left of the other elements given, we can predict that it will have the lowest electronegativity.
Because Si is located farther from the upper right corner than Se or Cl, its electronegativity should be lower than those of Se and Cl but greater than that of Sr. C To classify the elements, we note that Sr lies well to the left of the diagonal belt of semimetals running from B to At; while Se and Cl lie to the right and Si lies in the middle.
We can predict that Sr is a metal, Si is a semimetal, and Se and Cl are nonmetals. On the basis of their positions in the periodic table, arrange Ge, N, O, Rb, and Zr in order of increasing electronegativity and classify each as a metal, a nonmetal, or a semimetal. The Pauling electronegativity scale is based on measurements of the strengths of covalent bonds between different atoms, whereas the Mulliken electronegativity of an element is the average of its first ionization energy and the absolute value of its electron affinity.
Elements with a high electronegativity are generally nonmetals and electrical insulators and tend to behave as oxidants in chemical reactions. Conversely, elements with a low electronegativity are generally metals and good electrical conductors and tend to behave as reductants in chemical reactions.
Learning Objectives To define eletronegativity. Electronegativity The elements with the highest ionization energies are generally those with the most negative electron affinities, which are located toward the upper right corner of the periodic table compare Figure 2.
Note Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom in a particular molecule to attract electrons to itself. The Pauling Electronegativity Scale The original electronegativity scale, developed in the s by Linus Pauling — was based on measurements of the strengths of covalent bonds between different elements. Linus Pauling Pauling won two Nobel Prizes, one for chemistry in and one for peace in Because electrical resistivity is typically measured only for solids and liquids, the gaseous elements do not appear in part a.
Note Electronegativity values increase from lower left to upper right in the periodic table. Example 2. Edmund Liew. Oct 21, See below Explanation: If you look in the periodic table you could see that the greater the number, the higher the electronegativity is. But let me know if you're confused. Related questions How are metalloids different from metals? How many nonmetals are there in the periodic table?
Why are metalloids described as semiconductors? Why metals are good conductors of electricity? The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Chemistry: General. Enter your search terms:.
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