Generous funding for the Openness Project, of which this publication is one outcome, has come from the Open Society Institute, the John D. Readers are encouraged to visit the National Security Archive's reading room at George Washington University's Gelman Library Suite to view the original versions of these documents, and the many related materials that are also available.
Questions about the series or any of the materials included in the volumes may be addressed to Malcolm Byrne. Publication or sales inquiries may be made directly to CEU Press. Although they are numbered here from 1 - 12, the headnotes often refer to other documents by number. Those numbers are the ones used in the book, not in this selection. Note : The following documents are in PDF format. You will need to download and install the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view. Holodkov to Interior Minister N.
Dudorov, November 15, 4 pages. Also by the National Security Archive. Budapest: Central European University Press, pp. Click image for ordering information. F orty-six years ago, at a. At a. The Government is in its place. But he was immediately arrested by Soviet security officers and flown to a secret location in Romania.
Documents in the Briefing Book [Note: these documents were transcribed for the book for space reasons. Contents of this website Copyright National Security Archive.
All rights reserved. It was a gruesome end to a bloody rebellion that claimed the lives of 2, Hungarians and triggered a mass exodus of civilians seeking refuge in the West. Today, serves as a symbol of martyrdom that continues to haunt Hungarian society. Memorial plaques, statues, and even pockmarked buildings mark the areas where the fiercest fighting took place in Budapest. Every year on October 23 rd , the iconic Hungarian flags with hollow circles adorn streets across the country.
Commemorative banner illustrating the iconic hollow Hungarian flag. Source: Embassy of Hungary in the Netherlands. Source: Lydia Gall on Twitter. A rich and voluminous literature on the Revolution has emerged in recent years. Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Stanton Foundation.
Skip to main content. The Ohio State University. Department of History. Home Topics Africa. Middle East. North America. International Relations Religion Education Sports. Search form Search. Connecting History. On November 4, , Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest to crush, once and for all, the national uprising.
At a. The Government is in place. He was captured shortly thereafter and executed two years later. The Soviet action stunned many people in the West. Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had pledged a retreat from the Stalinist policies and repression of the past, but the violent actions in Budapest suggested otherwise.
An estimated 2, Hungarians died and , more fled as refugees. Sporadic armed resistance, strikes and mass arrests continued for months thereafter, causing substantial economic disruption. Inaction on the part of the United States angered and frustrated many Hungarians. Voice of America radio broadcasts and speeches by President Dwight D. During that time, approximately 30, Hungarian refugees were allowed to enter the United States. Yet, as Soviet tanks bore down on the protesters, the United States did nothing beyond issuing public statements of sympathy for their plight.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! On November 4, , California voters pass a measure to legalize professional boxing, a sport outlawed in the state because of safety concerns since From to , professional boxing had become a national On November 4, , the Paris Agreement comes into effect.
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