The extra water would then spill over the banks onto the dry desert land of Egypt. Once the floods subsided, thick black silt, or mud, would be left behind on the ground.
The silt created rich, fertile soil for planting crops — vital in this land of so little rain. Approximately 96 percent of the sediment carried by the Nile River originates in Ethiopia, according to the New World Encyclopedia. The silt area was known as the Black Land, while the desert lands further out were known as the Red Land.
Each year, the Ancient Egyptian people eagerly awaited and thanked the gods for the life-giving floods. If the floods were too small, there would be difficult times ahead with little food. If the floods were too large, it could cause flooding harm in the surrounding villages. The Egyptian calendar was divided into three stages based on the yearly flood cycle: Akhet, the first season of the year, which covered the flooding period between June and September; Peret, the growing and sowing time from October to mid-February; and Shemu, the time of harvesting between mid-February and the end of May.
Although the floods were desperately needed in older times, they are less necessary and even a nuisance to modern civilization with its irrigation systems. Even though the floods no longer occur along the Nile, the memory of this fertile blessing is still celebrated in Egypt today, mainly as an entertainment for tourists.
The annual celebration, known as Wafaa El-Nil, begins on August 15th and lasts for two weeks. Because 11 countries must share one precious resource, there are bound to be disputes. The Nile in Sudan is distincitve for two reasons: 1 it flows over 6 groups of caaracts, from the first at Aswan to the sixth at Sabaloka just north of Khartoum ; and 2 it reverses course for much of its course, flowing back to the SW before returning toflow north again tothe sea.
This is the "Great Bend of the Nile". Since some of Lake Nasser's waters have spilt westward to form the Toshka Lakes. From Lake Nasser the main channel flows north through Egypt and into the Mediterranean Sea; a side channel, the Bahr Yussef, splits from the main channel downriver from the city of Asyut, and empties into the Fayum.
Where the Nile meets the Mediterranean, the Nile Delta, is the eponym of all river deltas worldwide. Enrichment from Nile sediments carried eastward by currents nurture the fishing industries of the Eastern Mediterranean, or used to before the Aswan High Dam was built. However, the silt and sediment that used to flow north, enriching the soil and building the delta, is now building up behind the dam instead. Instead of growing in size through the soil deposits, the delta is now shrinking due to erosion along the Mediterranean Sea.
In addition, routine annual flooding no longer occurs along parts of the Nile. These floods were necessary to flush and clean the water of human and agricultural waste. As a result, the water is becoming more polluted. The Nile River also continues to be an important trade route, connecting Africa with markets in Europe and beyond.
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We got a special permission to visit the Breweries, where the famous Nile Beer is produced with water tapped from the river. The team follows the course of the Victoria Nile in northern direction with the help of Aerolink, a domestic airline offering flights into Uganda's national parks. Sliced in half by the Victoria Nile the park is also the location of the spectacular Murchison Falls. Here the river is facing a narrow passage of 6 meters wide and presents an impressive demonstration of power while the swirling water overcomes a height difference of almost 43 meters.
In Murchison Falls Park our team awaits an intensive program. Based in the luxurious lodge Paraa Safari Lodge, we are planning a wild life safari in the savannah landscape, a visit to the Murchison Falls and two boat safari's on the Albert Nile.
The last sailing trip will bring us upstream to the Delta near the border of South Sudan, the end of the course of the Nile on Ugandan territory. View on the Nile from Holland Park near Jinja. The report: 'Holland Park: breathtaking setting along the Nile'. The water in- and outlet along the Nile. The report: 'Beer with water from the source of the river'. The report: 'Aerolink: fast and safe to the wildlife parks'.
View on the Nile from Paraa Safari Lodge. The report: 'Luxury along the Nile'.
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