First off, goldfish will change color depending on their location and surroundings, especially when lighting is concerned. Goldfish have different types of cells located within their scales that produce different colors. Some of these cells produce melanin, the primary compound which causes dark skin colors in people. What is interesting to note is that goldfish that live in fairly dark environments with dull surroundings and little or no lighting often change to a blackish color.
Some goldfish only suffer from their fins changing black, while there are more extreme cases where the whole fish turns black. However, although it is not a health detriment, you might mind the color change. The simple solution here is to add some brightness to your goldfish tank.
Increase the lighting and add some colorful decorations. This should take care of black fins, and after several weeks, they should return to their original color.
Another well-known cause of goldfish fins turning black is ammonia burn. Ammonia is lethal to fish in even small quantities. It poisons them, suffocates them, and will kill them quite quickly if not taken care of. Black fins on your goldfish are an early warning sign that the ammonia levels in your aquarium are way too high. In fact, any ammonia is too much. If your goldfish fins are turning black, you should test for ammonia right away. What is interesting here is that the black color actually signifies that the ammonia has caused a skin infection, one that is actually starting to heal.
It may sound weird that black fins are a sign of healing, but it can go either way. They might heal, or the high levels of ammonia might continue to wreak havoc on your fish. Either way, you need to make sure to take care of the ammonia problem. High levels of ammonia are caused by uneaten food that is decaying, decaying plant matter, and fish waste. In other words, high levels of ammonia in any fish tank are more or less a result of improper tank care.
You need to clean your tank regularly and remove all debris. At the same time, having a biological filter that works well is a big bonus too. Biological filtration units take care of ammonia with surprising efficiency more on lowering ammonia levels over at this article.
The best solution is to get a larger tank, get a good multi-stage filter , and make sure that you always clean the tank. Besides discoloration, a dirty and not well-maintained tank can have other serious health effects as well. Although it is rare for goldfish fins to turn black due to disease, it is possible. But an infected fish keeps his spots until he's received treatment.
Normal goldfish color changes might be temporary or permanent. Black patches on a goldfish sometimes signify that his tank water was overdue for a change. Fish waste, uneaten food and plant debris create ammonia, a toxic chemical. If tank water isn't changed frequently enough, ammonia builds up and burns fish skin. When ammonia levels fall, healing skin turns black before returning to his normal color when fully healed.
If you suspect your goldfish has suffered ammonia burns, remove 20 percent of his tank water every 10 days and replace it with water that has been left to stand for three days, to prevent black spots returning. Poor-quality breeders or shippers might be the reason behind black spots on a recently bought goldfish. Knocking a fish against a hard surface and handling him roughly injures him, and bruises appear on his body and fins weeks or months later.
Black patches due to injury are a good sign, because they show that the fish is in better health and his skin has started to heal. Bruises take two weeks or longer to disappear, the skin returning to its normal color. Black spots come from a parasite, not an infection. The parasites lay eggs, which turn into larvae, which then burrow into the skin of the fish. The fish will start to form hard cysts to protect themselves, and these cysts are very dark or black, which is where the name comes from.
If there are dark spots like this, your fish will also likely start flicking its tail and rubbing against surfaces because of being irritated. If you have snails and your fish seems to have developed these cysts and is showing these other signs, you should remove the snails immediately.
So, why do goldfish turn black? Another reason can be overfeeding. Overfeeding not only creates waste in the aquarium, but it can cause issues for the filter working properly. This in turns causes other problems. Ultimately, this results in your fish discoloring, becoming ill, and potentially dying of swimbladder disorder, ammonia poisoning, or something equally painful. To alter this issue, keep better track of feeding. Read up on the subject, keep notes on how much your fish eats, and remove food waste immediately.
Finally, another reason for your goldfish turning black is that he is ill or stressed. There are other illnesses and diseases that may also cause these issues. Sudden changes in the environment, introduction of other fish or animals may also cause discoloration, a well, because of the stress.
This is especially likely to happen to a fish that has recently been shipped, moved, or had other environmental changes. If the stress is the cause, generally a little time will help your goldie recover. Learn More: Why is my goldfish turning white?
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