Pacifiers: a microbial reservoir. Nurs Health Sci. Socio-demographic associations with digit and pacifier sucking at 15 months of age and possible associations with infant infection. Early Hum Dev. Joanna Briggs Institute. Early childhood pacifier use in relation to breastfeeding, SIDS, infection and dental malocclusion.
Nurs Stand. Is pacifier use a risk factor for acute otitis media? A dynamic cohort study. Fam Pract. A meta-analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media. Clin Infect Dis. Infant pacifiers: an overview. Clin Pediatr Phila. Pacifier-induced bowel obstruction—not so soothing. J Pediatr Surg. Pacifiers and breastfeeding. Prevalence of pacifier-sucking habits and successful methods to eliminate them.
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Contact afpserv aafp. Want to use this article elsewhere? Get Permissions. Read the Issue. Sign Up Now. Next: Alcohol Misuse. Apr 15, Issue. Risks and Benefits of Pacifiers. B 4 , 12 — 19 Most studies are small randomized controlled trials. B 6 , 22 Reference 22 is a meta-analysis of seven case-controlled studies. B 5 , 7 , 21 , 23 — 26 References 21 and 26 are randomized trials.
B 10 , 11 , 30 — 32 Reference 30 is a meta-analysis. B 3 , 8 , 9 Reference 3 is a randomized trial. Table 1 Recommendations for Pacifier Use Age Potential benefits Potential complications Recommendations Preterm infants Analgesia Decreased hospital stay, earlier transition to bottle feeding from enteral feeding, improved bottle feeding performance — AAP recommends pacifier use in infants up to six months of age to help prevent pain from minor procedures in the emergency department.
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Pacifier use. An Esp Pediatr. A Finnish study on pacifiers has found that reduced pacifier use in children can decrease the incidence of acute otitis media, or ear infections. The study, published in the September issue of Pediatrics, the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, followed two groups of children under 18 months.
In one group, pacifier use was decreased by 21 percent, while children in the second group used pacifiers continuously. The first group had a 29 percent lower incidence of acute otitis media than the second. Researchers concluded that restricting pacifier use to when a child is falling asleep could prevent such infections. Fleming, P. J, Blair, P. S, Pollard, K. Prolonged pacifier-sucking and use of a nursing bottle at night: possible risk factors for dental caries in children.
Acta Odontol Scand Aug;56 4 Pacifier use and otitis media in infants twelve months of age or younger. A meta-analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media. Clin Infect Dis Jun;22 6 A pacifier increases the risk of recurrent acute otitis media in children in day care centers. If we combine this information with your PHI, we will treat all of that information as PHI, and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices.
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See more conditions. Healthy Lifestyle Infant and toddler health. Products and services. Pacifiers: Are they good for your baby? If you decide to use a pacifier, be sure to use it safely. Pacifiers can pose certain hazards like choking and exposure to allergens and germs, so it's important to keep the following safety guidelines in mind:. Check pacifiers for signs of wear and breakdown regularly.
Replace them when they become discolored, broken, or damaged. Whether or not to use a pacifier is a decision only you can make.
Remember, you know your child best, and you will be the best judge to determine whether you and your baby would benefit from the use of a pacifier.
Many breastfed babies use pacifiers. If you decide to try a pacifier, you may want to consider waiting until breastfeeding is well established, which often happens when babies are just shy of 1 month old. If you're unsure, talk to your child's pediatrician or a certified lactation consultant for guidance. When your child begins to get teeth, take them to the dentist for regular exams.
Talk to the dentist about your child's pacifier use and discuss the age at which they recommend pacifier use to end. Get it free when you sign up for our newsletter. Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Pacifier restriction and exclusive breastfeeding. Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain. Yildiz A, Arikan D. The effects of giving pacifiers to premature infants and making them listen to lullabies on their transition period for total oral feeding and sucking success.
J Clin Nurs. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. The effect of pacifier sucking on orofacial structures: a systematic literature review. Prog Orthod. The Journal of Pediatrics.
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